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|common_name = Singapore |image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore (blazon).svg |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''Majulah Singapura'' |image_map = Location Singapore ASEAN.svg |map_caption = |image_map2 = Singapore in its region (zoom).svg |map_caption2 = |capital = Singapore |latd=1 |latm=17 |latNS=N |longd=103 |longm=50 |longEW=E |official_languages = |languages_type = Official scripts |languages = |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |demonym = Singaporean |government_type= Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Tony Tan |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Lee Hsien Loong |leader_title3 = Speaker of Parliament |leader_name3 = Halimah Yacob |leader_title4 = Chief Justice |leader_name4 = Sundaresh Menon |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = Kingdom of Singapura |established_date1 = 1299 |established_event2 = Malacca Sultanate |established_date2 = 1400 |established_event3 = Johor Sultanate |established_date3 = 1528 |established_event4 = British colonisation |established_date4 = 6 February 1819 |established_event5 = Self-government |established_date5 = 3 June 1959 |established_event6 = |established_date6 = 31 August 1963〔 |established_event7 = Merger with Malaysia |established_date7 = 16 September 1963〔 |established_event8 = Expulsion from Malaysia |established_date8 = 9 August 1965〔 |area_km2 = 719.1 |area_footnote = |area_rank = 190th |population_estimate_year = 2015〔 |population_estimate = 5,535,000 |population_estimate_rank = 113th |population_density_km2 = 7,697 |population_density_rank = 3rd |population_density_sq_mi = 19,910 |GDP_PPP_year = 2014〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Singapore )〕 |GDP_PPP = Int$452.686 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = Int$82,762 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd |GDP_nominal_year = 2014〔 |GDP_nominal = US$308.051 billion |GDP_nominal_rank = 36th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$56,319 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2014 |Gini_change = increase |Gini = 46.4 |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 30th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.901 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 9th |currency = Singapore dollar |currency_code = SGD |time_zone = SST |utc_offset = +8 |antipodes = |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = left |calling_code = +65 |iso3166code = SG |cctld = .sg, .新加坡, .சிங்கப்பூர் |footnotes = }} Singapore ( or ), officially the Republic of Singapore, and often referred to as the ''Lion City'', the ''Garden City'', and the ''Red Dot'', is a leading global city-state and island country in Southeast Asia. It lies one degree (137 km; 85 mi) north of the equator, at the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south. Singapore's territory consists of the diamond-shaped main island (commonly referred to as ''Singapore Island'' and Pulau Ujong in Malay) and more than 60 significantly smaller islets. Since the 1960s, ongoing land reclamation has increased Singapore's land area, which is highly urbanised, by at least 20%. The islands were settled from the second century AD by a series of local empires. In 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore as a trading post of the East India Company; after the company collapsed, the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by Japan. It became independent from Britain in 1963, by uniting with other former British territories to form Malaysia, but was expelled two years later over ideological differences. After early years of turbulence, and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation developed rapidly as an Asian tiger economy, based on external trade and its human capital. Singapore is a global commerce, financial and transportation hub. Its standings include: "Easiest place to do business" (World Bank) for ten consecutive years, most "Technology-ready" nation (EIU), top "International meetings city" (UIA), city with "Best investment potential" (BERI), 2nd-most competitive country (WEF), 3rd-largest foreign exchange centre, 4th-largest financial centre, 3rd-largest oil refining and trading centre and one of the top two busiest container ports since the 1990s. Singapore's best known global brands include Singapore Airlines and Changi Airport, both amongst the most-awarded in their industry; SIA is also rated by ''Fortune'' surveys as Asia's "most admired company". For the past decade, it is the only Asian country with the top AAA sovereign rating from all major credit rating agencies, including S&P, Moody's and Fitch. Singapore ranks high on key measures of national social policies. It leads Asia, and 9th globally, on the Human Development Index, including education, healthcare, life expectancy, quality of life, personal safety, housing. Although income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes, and the country has one of the highest per capita incomes. The cosmopolitan nation is home to 5.5 million residents, 38% of whom are permanent residents and other foreign nationals. Singaporeans are mostly bilingual, with English as its common language and a second mother-tongue language. Its cultural diversity is reflected in its extensive "hawker" cuisine and major ethnic festivals—Chinese, Malay, Indian, Western—which are all national holidays. In 2015, Lonely Planet and New York Times listed Singapore as their top and 6th best world destination to visit respectively. The nation's core principles are meritocracy, multiculturalism and secularism. It is noted for its effective, pragmatic and incorrupt governance and civil service, which together with its rapid development policies, is widely cited as the "Singapore model". Gallup polls shows 84% of its residents expressed confidence in the national government, one of the highest ratings recorded. Singapore has significant influence on global affairs relative to its size, leading some analysts to classify it as a middle power. It is ranked as Asia's most influential city and 4th in the world by ''Forbes''. Singapore is a unitary multiparty parliamentary republic, with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. The People's Action Party has won every election since self-government in 1959. One of the five founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Singapore is also the host of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat, and a member of the East Asia Summit, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the (of Nations )]. ==Etymology== (詳細はMalay word, ' (Singa is "lion", Pura "city"; Sanskrit: सिंहपुर), hence the lion is embraced in many of the nation's symbols (i.e. its coat of arms, Merlion emblem) and the customary reference to the nation as the ''Lion City''. However, it is unlikely that lions ever lived on the island; Sang Nila Utama, who founded and named the island ''Singapura'', most likely saw a Malayan tiger. Since the 1970s, Singapore has also been widely known as the ''Garden City'', owing to its extensive greening policy covering the whole island, a priority of its first prime minister Lee Kuan Yew, dubbed the nation's "Chief Gardener". The nickname, ''Red Dot'', is a reference to its size on the map, contrasting with its achievements. In 2015, Singapore's Golden Jubilee year, the celebratory "SG50" branding is depicted inside a red dot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Singapore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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